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Thursday, December 9, 2021
Thursday, November 25, 2021
Speech on Children's Day.
๐ธ *Speech Writing.*๐ธ๐ค✒️
*Speech on -'Children's Day', 14th November*๐น๐น
A very good morning to one and all.Honourable President,the Principal of our college Mr /Mrs......, Respected teachers and my dear friends.Today,we have gathered here to celebrate the birth anniversary of our first Prime Minister,Pt.Jawaharlal Nehru.
Friends,every citizen of our country is aware of Pt.Nehru and his achievements.He was quiet famous among the children.That's why children called him *Chacha Nehru*. Because of his love for children,the government celebrate his birthday as *Children's Day*.
Pt.Nehru was born on 14th November 1889 in Allahabad.His father Pt.Motilal Nehru was a lawyer by occupation.His mother's name was Swarup Rani.He was rich enough to get the best education.He received his early education at home under private tutors.Later on he was sent abroad for studies at the age of 15.In England he got his education from two universities ,namely Cambridge and Harrow.After getting the degree, he started his legal practice in Allahabad High court.He married to Smt. Kamala Devi at the age of 24.
Well,we all know that he loved children and roses.Do you know why was he always associated with a red rose ?Yes,he pinned red rose to his coat as a reminder of his wife,Kamala who passed away in 1938 after a prolonged illness.
Well,he was interested in politics.He was a man of peace but when he saw how the Britishers treated Indians,he decided to join the freedom movement.He was the principal leader of the Indian Independence movement in 1930s and 1040s. He shook hands with Mahata Gandhi,the father of the nation and joined the non -cooperation movement. During the freedom struggle,he faced many challenges.He was imprisoned numerous times.When he was in Almora jail,he completed his autobiography named *Towards Freedom* on 14th February 1935.He also wrote the book entitled *Discovery Of India* .He wrote 30 letters to his daughter,Indira Gandhi.All those letters were printed as a book under the title *Letters From A Father To His Daughter* Friends,it shows that he was a great writer.
He was presided over the historic session at Lahore (Now it is in Pakistan) where he proclaimed complete Independence as India's goal.After becoming the first Prime Minister of India,he had played a significant role in the establishment of modern India.He developed his *Panchsheel Tatwe* from Buddist thoughts.He based India's Foreign Policy on these five priciples.
Friends,On seeing the work of Pt Nehru,we come to know that he was a man of extraordinary vision.He was a great leader, politician,writer,orator,and freedom fighter.He is known as an architect of India.He always worked hard for day and night for the betterment of the country and its people.Most noteworthy,he gave the slogan *Aram Haram Hai* which simply means *Rest Is Not Best*.
We should also keep this slogan in our mind and work hard for achieving our goals and serve the motherland like him.
I conclude the speech by paying my homage to him.
Jai Hind!
๐๐๐น๐น
By,
Vaishali Jane,
Nagpur.
Speech on Constitutional Day
๐ซ *Speech Writing*๐ซ
*The Indian Constitution Day* ๐️✒️๐๐
*26th November*
Exuberant good morning to everyone. Honourable chairperson,the Principal of our college ,Mr/Mrs......., respected teachers and my dear friends.We celebrate many days to commemorate the great personalities and their work.Likewise,we also commemorate 26th November as *The Indian Constitution Day*.Our honourable Prime Minister Mr.Narendra Modi declared this day in the year 2015 because that year was the year of 125th birth anniversary of Bharatratna Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar.
Friends,can you tell why it is celebrated on 26th November?Yes, because the Constitution Assembly /Committee adopted the constitution on 26th November 1949 which was come into force/effect on 26th January 1950.
Well,we have to follow the traffic rules.Why?yes, because to avoid the mishaps.Our schools and colleges have certain rules regarding uniforms,time tables and so on.Why? because such rules are needed for disciplinary and smooth working of our schools and colleges.Likewise, Constitution is needed for disciplinary adminstration of the nation.
*What is constitution*?
Well, constitution is a set of rules and regulations which is essential for disciplinary adminstration of the government.It is the framework, document or a book that guides the government to work smoothly.
Friends, we all know the history of Indian Independence.When we were ruled by the Britishers,they appealed us to draft our own constitution.And in response to their appeal ,the work of constitution was begun.The Constitution
Committee was formed whose president was Dr.Rajendra Prasad and in which *Constitution Drafting Committee* was formed whose president was Bharatratna Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar.
There were seven members in this *Drafting Committee*, named Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, N.Gopalswami, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar, K.M.Munshi , Mohammad Saadulla, B.L .Mitter and D.P. Khaitan.But as a president of Drafting Committee ,Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar contributed the Lion's share in drafting our constitution.That's why he is called an architect of the Indian Constitution.He studied the constitutions of many countries such as America,Japan, Russia,France and England. He took the essence from them.After spending a long period of 2 years,11 months and 17days,our constitution was ready.
Friends,our constitution is an amalgamation of the constitutions of the world.It is the world's largest constitution that contains 465 articles,12 schedules,122 amendments and 146385 English words.It is the blend of rigidity and flexibility.It is in both forms, written like America and unwritten like England.The original constitution (1950)is preserved in *helium filled case* at the parliament house in New Delhi.
Well,our constitution is the sole backbone of the country that has kept the country together.Our constitution declares India as a sovereign, socialist,secular, democratic republic assuring its citizens the principles like *Liberty, Equality, Fraternity and Justice.* There is equaity before law.It means every citizen of India is equal before the law whether he/she is rich or poor ,city dweller or village dweller. Our constitution has given us fundamental rights such as right to vote,right to educate, right to freedom of expressing our thoughts, freedom to speak, right against exploitation, freedom of religion and so on.
Friends, we are given such rights as well as our constitution has given us some duties and responsibilities. *Rights and duties* are the two sides of the same coin.When we fight for our rights,we should also be aware of our duties and responsibilities.We all know that the preamble of the constitution is given on the first page of the text books of all the standards in which the first sentence is *WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA.......* In this sentence the word *WE* denotes the *unity and integrity*.It means we all Indians should live unitedly , work unitedly for the betterment of our motherland.We should be proud of our constitution. Our state government is executing the drive *My Constitution,My Pride ( เคฎाเคे เคธंเคตिเคงाเคจ,เคฎाเคा เค เคญिเคฎाเคจ.*) from 23-11-2021 to 26-1-2021.In the name of this campaign many competitions are being taken such as poster making , digital poster making competition ,elocution competition,debate, drawing competition,board writing competition ,essay writing competition and so on.Many students and even many teachers are participating in it.Friends, what's the purpose behind such drive?Yes, the purpose of our government behind it is to create the pride among us about our constitution.It also aims at creating awareness about our constitution so that we should understand the importance of the constitution .And why is it implementing through schools? Yes, because we can create the awareness about our constitution among the society by telling its importance .
Dear friends,I hope,you understood very well what I said.So, be the ideal citizens of our nation and serve our motherland by following the guidelines of our constitution.
I conclude my speech by paying my tribute to Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar .
Jai Hind ! ๐๐ ๐ฎ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ณ
By,
Vaishali Jane,
Nagpur.
Tuesday, November 16, 2021
Friday, September 17, 2021
Board Sept 21 Grammar
*Board supplementary exam grammar*
*A5. Language study:*
*(i) He shook his head regretfully.*
*(Choose the correct alternative to get the Present Perfect Tense form of the given sentence.)*
(a) He shakes his head regretfully.
(b) He has shaken his head regretfully.
(c) He had shaken his head regretfully.
(d) He will shake his head regretfully.
*Answer-*
*(ii) I will not open my mouth.*
*(Choose the correct alternative to get affirmative form without changing the meaning of the sentence.)*
(a) I will not close my mouth.
(b) I will open my mouth.
(c) I will shut my mouth.
*Answer*
*(B) Language Study (Non-Textual Grammar)*
*Do as directed:*
*(i) Use the correct articles and rewrite the sentence:
(i) COVID-19 is one of ----- most hazardous diseases witnessed by--------- world.
*Answer-*
*(ii) As soon as the captain gave an order, the soldiers fired.*
*(Choose the correct alternative to get 'No sooner.....' form of the given sentence.)*
(a) No sooner the captain gave an order than the soldiers fired.
(b) No sooner did the captain give an order than the soldiers fired.
(c) No sooner does the captain give an order than the soldiers fired,
(d) No sooner has the captain given an order than the soldiers fired.
*Answer-*
*(iii) The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the Sun."*
*(Choose the correct alternative to get indirect narration of the given sentence.)*
(a) The teacher said that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
(b) The teacher said that the Earth is revolving around the Sun.
(c) The teacher said that the Earth had revolved around the Sun.
(d) The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
*Answer*
*(iv) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence.*
I know a man which is very tall.
*Answer*
*A5. Language Study:*
*(i) A child spends a major portion of his life in taking formal education:*
*(Choose the correct alternative that indicates modal auxiliary showing 'obligation.')*
(a) A child should spend a major portion of his life in taking formal education.
(b) A child must spend a major portion of his life in taking formal education.
(c) A child will spend a major portion of his life in taking formal education.
(d) A child can spend a major portion of his life in taking formal education.
*Answer*
*(ii) A peer group has its own group structure and expectations from its members:*
*(Choose the correct alternative to get 'not only.... but also' form of the above sentence.)*
(a) A peer group has not only its own group structure but also expectations from its members.
(b) A peer group not only has its own group structure but also expectations from its members.
(c) Not only a peer group has its own group structure but also expectations from its members.
(d) A peer group has its own group structure not only but also expectations from its members.
*Answer*
Tuesday, August 3, 2021
Friday, May 21, 2021
Comparing/ Anchoring
THE ART OF COMPERING
A ‘compere’ (also called ‘The Master of Ceremonies’, MC/emcee, or an anchor) is a person whose job is to introduce performers in a television, radio or stage show. A compere introduces the programme and the participants; he / she is the mediator, announcer and coordinator of the events in a programme. A compere is also the formal host and felicitator of an event.
Role of a compere :
The compere is the formal host and felicitator of an event.
1.He / she is the mediator, announcer and coordinator of the events in a programme.
The compere has to stimulate an interest in the crowd and give them an idea about the programme ahead.
2.He / she has to glorify the performance of all the performers with his / her appropriate, positive comments and appreciation.
3.He / She has to ensure enthusiasm among the viewers with active response in the form of an applause or interaction.
4.He / She has to make sure that there are smooth transitions between different segments of the programme.
5.He / She should control the timing of the proceedings, and be assertive where necessary.
6.He / She should have the ability to deal / work with the technicians, event organisers, guest speakers etc.Should there be any hiccups, the compere still has to ensure the smooth movement of the programme.
7.He / She has to master the skill of coordinating and stringing / weaving the whole event in one artistic thread maintaining continuity.
8.Finally, the compere must never forget that the most important thing is to keep the audience engaged. The compere can use ‘fillers’ for this purpose. ‘Fillers’ are small performances / enactments such as jokes, anecdotes, mimicry items, riddles, fun-facts etc. to fill in the gap between two performances, or if there is a delay or disturbance in a performance for some reason. These fillers should be kept ready beforehand the same way the script is kept ready. This will ensure continuity in the programme, besides keeping the audience happy.
Preparation to be made before you compere a programme :
1)Understand the complete programme from the organizers - the type of programme (music, dance, award etc.) the time duration, what are the exact events etc.
2)Be clear about your role , and what you are supposed to do. Is it to merely introduce the guests ? Or do you have to give a welcome speech ? Who gives the vote of thanks ? Who will present the bouquet ? If there is prize distribution, who will award the prizes ? Clarify this with the organizers in detail. Every step must be clear.
3)Find out the details of the audience you are going to address. Is it a young audience or senior citizens ? Is audience participation expected ? You have to accordingly modulate your speech, voice, clothes and behaviour.
4)Find out the correct pronunciation of the name you are going to announce. Never get the names of people wrong; especially those of guests. Find out their professions and qualifications, and introduce them correctly. Clarify this with the organizers, or with the guests themselves if possibles.
5)Write down the entire script after discussing with the organizers. Cross-check to see if there are any mistakes. Use words and language you are comfortable with, and which your audience is comfortable with. Do not try to impress by using big words. Type or write your script leaving a lot of margin and lots of space in between for comments and notes. You should be able to understand at a glance what you have written or typed.
6)Collect extra information about the guests or audience that will help you in your Compering. For example, if the Chief Guest is a scientist, look up the net for more information about him. You may not use it, but it will help you understand the person better, and improve your compering.
7)Keep fillers, jokes etc. ready for times when there are gaps in the programme, like someone is late or the programme is delayed. Make arrangement for some music too, in case the gaps are very long.
8)Keep a pleasant face and maintain eye contact with the audience. Be lively and enthusiastic. Dress appropriately for the event. Keep a calm mind at all times. Breathe deeply if you feel that you are getting jittery. Do not forget to introduce yourself.
9)Coordinate with the technicians, guest speakers, other speakers, etc. For example, if someone else is to give the vote of thanks, you will have to invite the person at the correct moment.
10)Practise, practise, practise. Road from your script and practise before the event, either in front of your family / friends or in front of a mirror. If possible, in the beginning, tape your practice readings so that you can judge for yourself. Finally, try to practise your compering on stage at the actual venue a day before the event.
Areas or sectors in which a compere is a must :
A compere is needed for award functions, cultural functions, college annual days, freshers’ parties, formal functions, exhibitions, weddings, events in the hospitality sector, TV programmes, radio programmes, parties etc.
Special skills needed to take up compering as a career
*Good communication skills language fluency and clarity of thoughts.A simple but dignified style with words that comes from the heart; a good sense of humour, must be able to hold the attention of the audience.
Confidence - about one’s knowledge, language, apperance etc. about one’s capability in handling the audience and keeping them interested and happy.
Good empathy and understanding of audience behaviour and needs, the audience is the key.
Good general knowledge of what is happening in the world around.
Appropriate body language and good sense of dressing.
Ability to exhibit spontaneity, originality and genuineness; should also be assertive.
Ability to ensure smooth movement of the programme; presence of mind; must be alert.
Ability to deal / work with the technicians, event organisers, guest speakers, etc. Must have diplomacy and tact for this.
How to acquire these skills:
A)Obtain a Bachelor’s degree, preferably in journalism / mass communications / mass media, etc. : Needs of the industry keep changing. Find out from the internet about the requirements to become a TV / radio compere, or anything that you are interested in, at that particular point in time.
B)Participate in school / college programmes to gain experience : The first real experience many students get is through school / college programmes. Participate in debates, elocution competitions, college festivals etc. This can help you develop confidence and clarity of speech.
C)Opt for internships to gain field experience : Internships during college vacations can be extremely beneficial; even if the stipend is less and the work is more, it will help. Many newspapers and TV channels hire students during vacations. These internships help you to learn and understand how the mass media functions before pursuing a full-time career. While working in these internships, students can also acquire and maintain work contacts for future use.
D)Work in the field : If you do not get the event / job of your choice initially, start with small events or small TV channels. You will get the experience and confidence so essential to the job and also build up a good CV.
E)Build up your health, stamina and general knowledge : Compering requires a lot of stamina and hard work. You cannot afford to fall sick at the last moment or reveal your tiredness on stage. Hence it is essential that you take care of your health and are fit and fine. In addition to this, you must learn the art of looking good and dressing well. Read a lot and keep abreast of the developments in the world.
G)Watch other comperes : Watch other comperes, and learn from their experiences. If you are a part of the audience at some programme, find out how the audience reacts to that particular compere and why. Learn from the mistakes of others.
Qualities of a compere for a cultural event :
Good communication skills.
Knowledge of the subject.
Proper attire.
Understanding of the nature and tone of the event
Understanding of the audience, and keeping them interested and responsive.
Appropriate body language.
Ability to ensure smooth movement of the programme even when there are hurdles.
Should have spontaneity, originality and genuineness.
Sample 01 THE ART OF COMPERING
1) Imagine that you are a compere of a ‘Prize Distribution Ceremony’ of your college. Write a script for the same. You can take the help of the following points.
1)Introduction - A brief introduction of the programme / function / show
2)Welcome speech - Welcome of all the guests, felicitation of the guests
(Principal, vice-principal etc.
3)Lighting the lamp
4)Welcome song
5) Main events
6) Vote of thanks.
Sample Answer:
Introduction - Good evening to all present here today on this special occasion. Today is the day we acknowledge and appreciate the hardwork and effort put in by so many of our students through the year. Yes, today is the long-awaited ‘Prize Distribution Ceremony’, the day when we decorate with awards prizes and medals all those students who have performed par excellence in different fields, shining in academics and sports or even in arts.
Welcome speech : On behalf of the Principal, teachers and students of our college, I take pleasure in welcoming our Chief Guests, Mr. Siddharth Nayak and Ms. Urmila Nayak Welcome Sir, Ma’am. I also warmly welcome all the parents, who have been the backbone of their children’s success; without their efforts, we would never have achieved all that we did during the year. Welcome to one and all, once again.
Lighting the lamp : Let us begin this wonderful programme in the traditional Indian way. For this, I request all the honourable members on the dais to kindly light the traditional lamp and offer prayers. Sir, Ma’am, please
Welcome song : Thank you, I request our guests to please take their seats in the auditorium and enjoy the cultural programme.
We begin the cultural events for the day with a heartfelt and cheerful welcome song. I invite on stage our star singers, Shilpa, Varsha, Mihir and Yogesh. For musical accompaniment, we have Sumeet on the guitar and Raunak playing the table.
Main events :
A big round of applause, please, for our singers and musicians. Thank you. The next item on our programme is a light one-act play presented by students of Std. XII. I request the audience to maintain complete silence so as not to miss the surprise ending .......
That was indeed a surprise ending ! I can see that you have enjoyed this offering by our students. Well, now we go on to the most eagerly awaited part of the programme - the prize distribution. May I request our Chief Guests and the Pricipal of our college to please step onstage and hand over the prizes to the winners .... Thank you, Sir, Ma’am.
I now request our Chief Guest to address the audience.
Thank you, Sir. Your speech has indeed given us wonderful insights on the various aspects and responsibilities of social networking. We are immensely grateful to you for your invaluable words of enlightenment and advice.
We proceed to the next part of the programme. India, as we all know, is a country that has many diverse ways and customs. And where is this more obvious than in the dances of the different states ? Yes, we now present a quartet of dances from the east, west, north and south of India. Let us see
how it ends ! Please give a big hand to welcome the students of Std. XII, presenting the dances.
That was indeed a wonderful performance ! Thank you, audience, for your appreciative response.
Vote of thanks : Before we conclude this programme I take the opportunity to thank all those who have lent a helping hand to make this Prize Distribution Ceremony a grand success. For the formal vote of thanks I invite our Cultural Secretary, Ms. Seema Pai. I take my leave of you with a big ‘Thank you’. You have indeed been a wonderful audience ! Thank you once again.
Sample 02 THE ART OF COMPERING
Q. Imagine you are a compare of a ‘Annual day programme’ of your college. Write / prepare a script for the same. You can take help of the following points.
Introduction :
1)A brief introduction of the programme / function / show.
2)Welcome address : Welcome of all the guests / dignitaries / felicitation of the guests (Principal, Vice Principal etc.)
3)Lighting the lamp
4)Welcome song
5)Main cultural events.
6)Vote of thanks
Sample Answer:
Respected Principal, Vice Principal, Supervisor, Teachers and all my dear friends, I, Rahul Singh, cultural Secretary your host for today’s event welcome one and all on this special occasion. Today is the long-awaited mega event called ‘TARANG’ of our college. This is the platform where we can exhibit our talent and potential. On behalf of the college Management, Principal, I take pleasure in welcoming our Chief Guests for todays function. Mr. Prakash Amte and Mrs. Sindhutai Sakpal. The renowned social workers from Maharashtra. I also warmly welcome all the parents,distinguished guests gathered over here. welcome to and all once again.
As per our tradition, we always begin our programme by soliciting the blessings of the almighty in the traditional Indian way. For this, I request all the honourable members on the dais and off the dais to light the traditional lamp and offer prayers ‘Let the darkness of ignorance be dispelled and let there be light everywhere'.
Thank you all the dignitaries, I request all our guests to take their seats in the auditorium and enjoy our cultural treat. We begin our cultural event with a welcome song, I invite on stage our star singers, Miss. Shraddha Sawant, Sachin Patil, Atul Parab, Ameeta Sinha for musical accompaniment, we have Sumeet Deshpande on the Tabla and Raunak Sharma on the casio.
A big round of applause for our singers and musicians. Thank you, The next item on our programme is a group dance. May I invite our dance group from XII G Division to perform folk dance. I request the audience to maintain silence and enjoy the performance.
That was indeed a breathtaking performance!. Give a big round of applause for all the artists. We have a surprise package for you dear friends our commerce students now going to perform a skit on the topic “Save Girl child” to create an awareness I hope you will surely like this skit as it has a social message for all of us it was indeed a fabulous performance!. It is an eye-opener for all of us, isn’t it ?
I now request our Chief Guests to felicitate the student of the year award. The student of the year
award for this year goes to Miss Nikita Hiwalkar from FYJC division H. A big round of applause I request our guest to address the audience. Thank you Sir, Your speech has indeed given us wonderful insights and responsibilities of social networking. We are highly indebted to you for giving us your valuable time.
Before we conclude this programme, I take the opportunity to Thank our Management, Principal, Vice Principal, Supervisor, Teacher and all the Volunteers who have lent helping hands to make this event a grand one. You have indeed been a wonderful audience. Thank you one and all once again. Good night ! Shubh Ratri ! Take care
EXERCISE
1.Imagine that you are a compere of ‘Independence Day Celebration’ of your college. Write / prepare a script for the same. You can take help of the following points.
a) Introduction : Importance of Independence day.
b)Welcome / Guest of honour, Principal, Vice Principal.
Flag hoisting ceremony - national anthem - parade, guard of honour.
c)Address of the Chief Guest.
d)Cultural programme, patriotic songs.
e)Vote of Thanks.
2.Imagine you are going to compere a programme on ‘Teacher’s day celebration’ in your college. Prepare a script in about 100-150 words for the same. You can take help of the following points.
a) Introduction - A brief introduction of the programme.
Welcome speech - Welcome of all the teachers, guests for the function.
b)Lighting the lamp.
c)Teacher’s Day - Importance and role of teachers / Gurus in our life.
d)Main event - Performance by the student in the honour of teachers.
e)Vote of thanks.
3.Imagine you are going to compare for the ‘Orientation Programme / Induction Programme’ for Freshers (F.Y.J.C. Students) Prepare a script in about 100-150 words for the same. You can take help of the following points.
1)Introduction - A brief introduction of the programme.
2)Welcome speech - Welcome address by the Principal, 3)felicitation of the guests.
4)Speeches by dignitaries / ex-students of college / Alumini of the college / institution.
5)Vote of Thanks.
4.Imagine that you are compere of “Republic Day Celebration” of your college write / Prepare a script in 100-150 words for the programme.
You can make use of the following points.
1)Introduction : Importance of Republic Day.
2)Welcome / Guest of honour, Principal, Vice Principal, Supervisor, Dignitaries etc.
3)Flag hoisting ceremony, national anthem, parade ground of honour.
4)Address / Speech of Chief Guest
Patriotic songs, cultural programme / NCC students show 5)Vote of thanks.
5.Imagine you are going to compere for the “Prize distribution function” of the final match of a Inter collegiate cricket tournament organised in your college. Prepare a script for the same. You can take help of the following points :
1.Introduction : A brief history of the Inter-collegiate cricket tournament.
2.Welcome of all the guests, cricket teams, players, spectators etc.
3.Announcement of Runner up team and its captain / felicitation of the team.
4.Man of the match award / felicitation of the player.
5.Announcement of winning team, felicitation of the team / Trophies and medals.
6.Few words by the winning captain.
7.Vote of thanks etc.
Sunday, May 16, 2021
Speech Writing.
SPEECH WRITING
FOR QUE.NO 4(C): 04 MARKS
How to Write a Good Speech:
1. Have an inspiring OPENING and ENDING.
2.Appropriate(suitable)
TONE of VOICE.
3.Adapt speech for PURPOSE and AUDIENCE.
4.Organise IDEAS logically and do not confuse the audience.
5. Use EMOTIVE language to CONVINCE your audience.
6. Use Rhetorical Questions – asking a question for persuasive effect.
7. Make sure you are writing in the CORRECT PERSON.
8. Use interesting facts and figures.
Before Drafting a speech Remember:
1) Salutations - speaker greets Chief-guest,Fellow speakers and listeners.
2) A speech must begin with a catchy introduction in the form of a quotation, statistical data or a thought-provoking Rhetorical question.
3) Persuasive and powerful language, use the word “you” and Rhetorical questions.
4) A speech must have clarity of thought and accuracy of facts.
5) Sum up by suggestions / measures to improve the situation .
Sample Answer:
Respected Principal,vice Principal, supervisor,teachers and all my dear friends!
Today, I welcome one and all on the occasion of the world Environment day.On this auspicious occasion I am going to share my views on the topic," Tree Conservation".
Respected Dignitaries on and off the dias, as we all know Tress are the best friends of human beings from ages and saviours of Mankind.Tress provide us Food,shelter, oxygen, fruits,Wood, medicinal herbs unconditionally.We have been worshipping trees from generations as they give us everything without expecting anything.
It is rightly written by someone,
"Poems are made by a Fool like me but God can only make a Tree" how true is this! Trees maintain the ecological balance of the Environment.Trees prevent soil erosion.Trees Invite rainfall.Trees attract people travellers,birds, animals. Forests jungles help to reduce pollution.
" Woods are lovely
Dark and deep but
I have many promises
To keep before I sleep,
before I sleep,
before I sleep!
Unfortunately,in some parts of the world human beings start deforestration at a large scale for making a living.Loss of flora and fauna,species, extinction of rarest of rare birds, animals affect the biodiversity.It results in degradation of the environment. Depletion of Natural Resources cause damage to Mother Earth.The large scale industrialisation, urbanisation influenced the beauty of Nature.
If we do not seize it
It's curtains on our
Living things.
But the Questions arise.....
Do we really feel concerned about it? Are we really serious about this issue?
Remeber ,we have a little time so think, introspect and act.we only can stop this degradation by realising the value of Nature and Trees.On this pious day,Let's take a pledge to Protect the Environment,Trees,
Nature
Each one plant one and protect one is the need of the time. I am very optimistic that with United and collective efforts we will surely do this.
Thank you for your patient hearing!
Exercise
1. You are Deepika Patil, a member of the NSS unit of your college,on the occasion of World Health Day, prepare a speech which you will deliver in your college Auditorium.
2. You have taken part in an elocution competition where the topic chosen by you is ‘Beauty without cruelty towards animals’ write a speech to put forward your views.
3. You are the NSS co-ordinator of your college. Deliver a speech to the NSS cadets about the literacy programme that you are going to undertake and motivate more and more people to come forward to join the project.
4. On the occasion of world Environment Day; your college has organised a one day seminar. You are one of the speakers. Write a speech how Mother Earth is being polluted everyday by our foolish activities.
5. On the occasion of International Women’s Day, your college has organised a programme. You are Divya / Deepak and you have been chosen to deliver the welcome speech where you want to talk about. “Improvement of the position of women in Indian society” as you want to start on a positive note. Write the speech which you are going to deliver.
6. Prepare a speech on ‘People who have inspired me’.
7. Imagine you are a class-representative. Your college has arranged a Blood Donation Camp. Write a speech appealing to the students to donate blood generously for a good cause.( Feb. 2008 )
8. As a students representative at Junior College, prepare a speech to Welcome the F.Y.J.C. students who have just joined the college. Tell them something about the college campus, library, canteen, sports and other extra curricular activities.
9. Prepare a speech for ‘World Environment Day’. The topic is ‘Save trees’ - Tree save’ Highlight the growth and preservation of trees in your speech.
10. Imagine that your college has organized an elocution competition on ‘Higher Education in Maharashtra’. Prepare your speech.
11. Prepare a speech on the topic “How can we lead people from the poverty-ridden world to the poverty.
12. Prepare a speech on “The changes that I want in the syllabus of English subject.”
13. Prepare a draft for a speech on ‘Status of old women’in ‘Indian society’.
14. Imagine that you are an ardent bird watcher. You have noticed that the number of birds have diminished over the years. Write a speech of about 100 word on “Why should we save birds.”
15. Prepare a brief speech about 100 words on the value of Money. Imagine you are addressing your children.
16. You are the secretary of a youth organization and it is your duty to welcome the Chief Guest at the annual youth festival. Draft your speech in about 100 words welcoming the chief guest.
17. ‘Failure is always the first step to success’. Write a brief speech encouraging class X students who are about to appear for a Board Exam.
18. You have been invited to speak to a gathering of your entrepreneurs (Businessmen). Draft your speech highlighting honesty in business dealings, gender equality and child labour.
19. You have been invited and speak to a gathering of young college going boys and girls. The topic given tto you is ‘The advantages and disadvantages of the cell phone.’ Draft your speech in about 100 words.
20. As the President of the local youth club you are expected to make a speech congratulating a member who has received ‘The youth of the year award.’Draft your speech in about 100 words.
21. Imagine you are the ‘Captain of your college cricket team’. Your teammates are nervous about the next match afraid that they will lose. Draft a speech in about 100 words boosting their morale and motivating them.
22. Preparing a speech stating the ‘Importance of eye donation.’ (Feb. 2013)
i) Organisation of a meeting to explain the importance of eye donation.
ii) When and who can donate the eyes.
iii) Concluding lines with an appeal.
23. Write a short speech to be delivered in your college on ‘Tree Conservation’ on the occasion of ‘The World Earth Day’with the help of the following points (about 100 words) (Feb. 2014)
i) Air, water and noise pollution.
ii) Depletion of natural resources.
iii) Trees prevent soil erosion.
iv) Live in harmony with nature.
24. You wish to take part in the Elocution contest in your Junior College. One of the topics therein is “Disadvantages of Television.” Prepare a speech on it in about 100 words. (Oct. 2014)
25. You intend to take part in the intercollegiate elocution contest. One of the topics therein is ‘Stop cruelty to Animals and Birds : Prepare a speech on it in about 100 words. (Feb. 2015)
26. Your Junior College is going to arrange a ‘Blood Donation Camp’. As a General Secretary. Prepare a peech to appeal the students to donate Blood for noble cause. (in about 100 words.) (Oct. 2014)
27. Imagine you have to give a speech on the topic ‘India’s changing villages’, write a speech on it in about 100 words. (Feb. 2016)
28. You are the captain of your college cricket team. You have your final match on Sunday. Your teammates are nervous. Prepare a speech motivating them to face the challenge courageously. (About 100 words) (July 2016)
29. Prepare a speech on ‘Father’s Day’ with the help of the following points. (Feb. 2017)
1) Man of practical attitude.
2) Thinker of future
3) Pillar of family.
4) Greatest family support.
30. You wish to take part in an elocution contest organised by the Rotary Club of your town. One of the topics therein is ‘Save water ....... save life’. (Prepare a speech on it in about 100 words) (July 2017)
31. Prepare a speech on ‘World Literacy Day’ (8 September) with the help of the following points.
i) Importance of the day.
ii) How you can help to eradicate illiteracy in your area.
iii) Benefits of being literate for an individual.
iv) How literate India will help an individual.
v) How literate India will help the country to progress.
32. Your college has observed Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s birthday (15th October) as the ‘World Students’Day. Prepare a speech in about 100 words with the help of the following points.
i) Importance of the day
ii) Overcoming the challenges in your learning.
iii) Dr. Kalam’s inspiration to students.
iv) Your idea of serving India in various capacities.
33. You are the captain of your college cricket team. You have your final match on Sunday. Your teammates are nervous. Prepare a speech motivating them to face the challenge courageously. (About 100 words)
i) Talk about your team’s strong points.
ii) Point out the opposing team’s weak points.
iii) Mention past victories.
iv) Mention the important of having a positive attitude.
34. You wish to take part in the elocution contest in your Junior college. One of the topics there in is ‘My Idea of an Ideal student’. Prepare a speech on it in about 100 words.
35. Your college has planned to celebrate ‘Children’s Day’. You are asked to deliver a speech on this occasion. Prepare a speech of about 100 words to be delivered on the occasion.
36. Prepare a speech on Women’s Day (8 March) with the help of the following day.
i) Importance of the day.
ii) The status of women in the past.
iii) The progress of woman and her status in the society.
iv) Women empowerment.
37. Prepare a speech on the occasion of ‘International Yoga Day’ (21st June) with the help of the following points.
i) Importance of the day.
ii) Benefits of Yoga.
iii) The need for Yoga for Better & healthy life.
iv) How you can motivate people to practice yoga.
v) How Yoga helps build a healthy nation.
38. Prepare a speech on ‘World Environment Day’(05th June) with the help of the following points.
i) Importance of the day.
ii) Air, Water and Noise pollution.
iii) Need of the protection of environment.
iv) Add your own points.
39. Prepare a speech on ‘The world Earth Day’ with the help of the following points.
i) Importance of the day.
ii) Adverse effect of various pollutions.
iii) Loss of natural resources.
iv) Live in harmony with nature.
40. Prepare a speech on “How can we lead people from the poverty ridden world to the poverty free world” in about 100 words with the help of the following points.
i) BPL(Below poverty line)
ii) Poverty is a curse on humanity.
iii) Fulfillment of Basic life needs.
iv) How can we eradicate poverty from the world.
41. Prepare a speech on ‘International Day of Disabled Persons’ (03 December) with the help of the following points :
i) Importance of the day.
ii) Empowerment of disabled persons.
iii) How disabled persons help the country to progress.
iv) Protection of their status / prestige.
42. Write a short speech to be delivered in your Junior College on ‘BETI BACHAO, BETI PATHAO’(BBBP) campaign with the help of following points.
i) Importance of the campaign.
ii) Need of female education & empowerment.
iii) Benefits of educating girl child.
iv) Honour, dignity & career of girls.
v) Importance of women in society.
43. Prepare a speech on ‘National Science Day’ (28th February) with the help of the following points.
i) Importance of the day / theme of the year.
ii) Arrangement of various programmes.
iii) Importance of science in daily life.
iv) Introduction of new technologies of science.
v) Encouragement to people and popularize the science and technology.
44. Imagine that your college has organised an ‘Elocution competition’ and the topic for the competition is ‘Save Trees, Trees Save’. Prepare a speech with the help of the points given below.(Feb 2018)
i) Providers of human needs.
ii) Ecological balance.
iii) Rain showers etc.
45. You wish to take part in the Inter collegiate elocution competition. One of the topics therein is‘Importance of cleanliness’ (July 2018)
Prepare a speech on it in about 100 words.
46. Imagine your college is organising a speech competition on the topic ‘Disappearing Birds’. Prepare a speech in about 100 words with the help of the following points. (Feb. 2020)
i) Role of birds.
ii) Causes behind their disappearance.
iii) Ways to call them back.
iv) Add your ideas.
Friday, May 7, 2021
Report writing.
REPORT WRITING
Prerequisites for report writing
Heading- A descriptive title that is expressive of the contents of the report.
By line- Remember, you are not supposed to mention your personal details in your answer.It is advisable to write "By Our student correspondent".If Name is given in the Activity sheet,write the same in By line.
The opening paragraph (introduction) –
It may include answers of '5 Ws' namely, WHAT,
WHY, WHEN, and WHERE along with WHO .
The account of the event in detail- The proper sequence of events that occurred along with their description. It is the main paragraph and can be split into two short paragraphs if required.
Conclusion- This will include a description of how the event ended. It may include quote excerpts from the Chief Guest's speech or how did the event wind up along with prize distribution ceremony,vote of thanks etc.
Points to Remember:
Mention the place, date, time and other relevant facts about the event.
Include information collected from the people around or affected by the event.
Provide a suitable title/heading.
Write in past tense.
Write in reported speech and use passive form of expression.
Develop ideas (causes, reasons, consequences, opinions) logically.
Write in a less formal and more descriptive manner, while writing a report for a school/college magazine.
Present your ideas and impressions to make the report interesting.
Before writing a Report
Know your purpose.
Know your readers.
Know your objective.
Choose an approach.
Decide the structure.
Use the right style/ formal language.
Consider the layout/word limit.
Leave time to refine.
A written report of a function, a programme or an event to be prepared in this question.
SAMPLE ACTIVITY
i) You have visited a science exhibition on Environmental pollution organised by the Education Department. A number of Carts, models, slides etc. were on display. Prepare a report of about 20 lines for the college magazine appreciating the work of the students.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Headline------ A VISIT TO A SCIENCE EXHIBITION
Mumbai: 18th December 2019. A science Exhibition called Tech-Expo 2019 was organised by K.J. Somaiya college of science and commerce.It was organised by the Department of Education in association with B.A.R.C Mumbai at Somaiya Grounds last week.The primary objective of this event was to create a scientific awareness among the students.
The three day long Exhibition was inaugurated by the famous scientist Dr. Jayant Naralikar. In his inaugural address,he emphasised the need to have a scientific approach in life.Many Student Participants from various colleges across Maharashtra participated in this Exhibition.Many posters,charts,models,presentations were displayed by the students highlighting scientific issues affecting our lives.
The issues like Global Warming,Ozone layer, Air Pollution, water pollution,Noise Pollution,Acid Rain,climate change were prominent.The students of Wilson College Prepared a Mechanical Robot whereas students of Somaiya college displayed a Solar operated Battery car. It was really a fun to have a special programme organised by T.I.F.R on daily use of science around us.
The Exhibition was concluded with the Prize distribution ceremony.The chief Guest of this function,renowned scientist, Dr. Raghunath Mashelkar gave away the prizes and certificates to the winners.He congratulated one and all. Dr. Vijay Joshi, Principal of K.J. Somaiya College of science and commerce thanked one and all in the end.He announced a special prize for young aspiring Scientist.
Byline------ By our student correspondent.
MARKING SCHEME FOR REPORT WRITING
ACTIVITIES ASKED IN THE EXAMINATIONS
ii) In the Inter-college sports competition, your college has won the General Championship. This was possible due to the hard efforts of the pupils and the physical education teacher and the guidance given by your principal. Prepare a report of 20 lines for the Local Newspaper, stating how your college was able to win the position.
iii) You are helping your teacher in implementing the literacy programme in your area. Almost all the illiterates have been taught. The students of other colleges want to know the methods you have followed to make this scheme a grand success. Prepare a report in about 20 lines explaining how you have done it successfully.
iv) You are the secretary of the ‘Cultural club’ in your college. You had arranged for a speech on “Saving Environment” A social Need by a famous environmentalist. Being the secretary of the club, write a brief report for your college magazine about the effectiveness of the speech.
v) A fire broke out in your locality which caused a lot of destruction. Write a report on this incident to be published in the local newspaper.
vi) Your class has visited an institute for the disabled children. Prepare a report in about twenty sentences.
vii) Prepare a report of the Republic Day celebration in your college in about twenty lines.
viii) As a part of your social service activities. You had to take part in a social service camp. Write a report of the camp.
ix) Your college has arranged ‘‘ Blood donation camp.’’ A well known doctor in your area presided over the function. Many students voluntarily donated blood. You are the student’s representative write a report on this event.
x) Prepare a report on the inaugural function of sports day in your college. (Feb.2013)
i) Day and date of function ii) Welcoming the chief guest and the other invitees.iii) introductory speech iv) Inauguration of sports day. v) Chief guest’s address vi) Vote of thanks
xi) The ‘Annual day gathering function’ was arranged in your Junior College. It was a grand function with a variety of activities like fun-fare, games and sports, cultural activities etc.
Write a report on it in about 120 words. (Feb. 2015)
xii) Write a report about the celebration of the ‘Republic Day’ in your college. (July 2016)
xiii) The N.S.S. Unit of your college has arranged the ‘Save Girl Child Campaign" (Beti Bacchao Abhiyan’). As a volunteer, write a report of it for your college magazine using the following points (in about 120 words)
i) Day and date of the function.
ii) Introductory speech.
iii) The chief guest’s address
iv) Vote of thanks.
xiv) Imagine that your college arranged a cleanliness Drive in which your Principal, a social activist, a local MLA, doctors, teachers and students participated on a large scale. The event was a grand success as it made people aware of cleanliness and social hygiene. Prepare a short report for your college Magazine with the help of the following points :
Venue, Chief Guest, Inauguration, Unique participation and conclusion. (Feb. 2018)
xv) Write a report on a ‘Tree plantation Drive’ organised successfully in your college with the help of the following points. (July 2018)
i) Inauguration of the function.
ii) Chief Guest’s address.
iii) Actual tree plantation.
iv) Vote of thanks.
Exercise for Practice
1. St. Xavier College recently organized a course in origami for students of senior classes. A student of Class XII writes a report on the program giving necessary details in the college magazine. Write the report in 120–150 words.
2. The Art and Craft Club of your college has organized a special clay-modeling competition in the college. As the Secretary of the club, write a report in 120–150 words covering details of the competition. You are Deepika of Jawahar Nehru Vidyalaya, Mumbai.
3. You are Neeraj/Nandita working for a leading magazine. Last week you attended a seminar on ‘Pleasures of Eye Donation’, organized by the Young Buzz of your college. Write a report on this seminar not more than 120-150 words for publication in the magazine.
4. You are Abhinav/Akanksha student correspondent of your college. You were invited by the organizers to cover the Drive in Covid-19vaccination Mumbai. Write a report on this historic event giving necessary details in not more than 120-150 words for the benefit of the Society.
5. You are Rohit/ Ruchira of Swami Vivekananda College,Mumbai. Your college has recently conducted a charity show in aid of the flood-affected people of Andhra Pradesh. As Cultural Secretary of the Students’ Council of your College, write a brief report in not more than 120–150 words on this activity of the college for publication in your local daily.
7. You are Nikhil/Nikhila of Lala Lajpat Rai college, Pune. Your college just celebrated its Silver Jubilee on completion of its meritorious services to the cause of education. Now write a report in not more than 120–150 words on the programmes that your college conducted on this occasion to be published in The Indian Chronicler.
7. You were a member of your college quiz team which won the All India Quiz Contest at the national level. Draft a report about it to be published in your college magazine in about 120–150 words.
E-mail Writing
E-MAIL WRITING
What is an E- Mail?
Electronic Mail also known as email or e-mail. It was invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1972.
Why use E-Mail
simple way,fastest means of communication,it can be send to several people at once.
E- Mail Basics:
content is the most important thing in E-Mail.
Readable font 10/12 point size is an ideal size.
professional email address should be used for sending job search-related matters.
E-Mail address should include combination of your first and last name or first initial and last name.
Subject Line
Don't forget to include a clear Subject Line in your E-Mail.
Purpose of writing the mail should be mentioned.
Salutation
Use an appropriate salutation
Dear Mr./Mrs. Last Name or Dear ........
First Paragraph
The purpose of writing the mail should be mentioned in the first paragraph.
Be clear and direct.
Middle paragraph
content paragraph,carries the most important information.keep it concise and flawless with relevant punctuations.
Final Paragraph
Conclude your email by thanking the person.
E mail Signature
First Name,Last Name
E Mail address
phone/contact number
How to CC/BCC Properly.
Format For E Mail writing
Dos and Don’ts for Email Etiquettes.
Dos:
1. Have a clear subject line.
2. Use a professional salutation.
3. Recheck your e-mail.
4. Keep private material confidential.
5. Keep your email short and flawless. Stay
concise.
6. Check your attachments before sending.
7. Include your name or a signature with
additional details and contact information.
Don't s:
1.Don’t forget your signature.
2.Don’t use humour and sarcasm.
3.Don’t assume the recipient knows what you
are talking about.
4.Don’t punctuate poorly.
5.Don’t hit ‘Reply All’.
6.Don’t think that no one but the intended recipient will see your email.
(No predictions)
7.Don’t forward email without permission.
Format For E-mail Writing
From : Sender’s e-mail id
To : Recipient’s e-mail id
CC : Other individual’s receiving the same mail with visible ids
BCC : Other individual’s receiving the same mail with invisible ids.
Subject : Title or the reason of writing mail
Salutation: Words like Dear, Respected, till etc.
Main body : The main content of the e-mail.
1.Introduction
2. Matter in detail
3.Conclusion
Closing : Ending statement / concluding lines
Attachments : Attached filed with e-mails
Signature line : Sender’s name, signature and other details of contact.
Exercise
1) Imagine you have to draft an e-mail to your friend inviting him / her to attend your Birthday party. You can
make use of the following points.
*Birthday invitation
*Date / Venue / Time
*Theme / Dress code / Special attraction
*Add your own points.
2) You are a contingent leader (CL) of your college and you have been assigned the task of informing the
students of Jr. Colleges and inviting the entries for the Inter-collegiate debate competition to be held in
your college.
Draft and E-mail with the help of the following points.
* About the event.
* Date / Venue / Time / Event
* Topic will be given half on hour before the event.
Prizes / Participation certificates / final date for entries
* Add your points
3) Write an e-mail to the Principal of a neighbouring Junior college requesting him / her to sent a panel of
teachers (Language) for judging on Inter-college event to be organised in your college.
4) You want a bonafide cerfiticate in order to register your name in the Employment Exchange Office of your
district-Draft on e-mail to the principal of your college with CC to Vice Principal and Supervisor
requesting him / her to issue you the same at the earliest.
5) You are a student of Junior Std. XII Studying in Div-C. Your Roll number is 3070. You were suffering from
fever for the last few days. You were not able to attend lectures as well as Unit Test Exam due to this.
Draft an e-mail to the Examination Committee Conyenor requesting him/her to allow you to appear for Re-
exam and attend regular lectures.
6) You come to know that the personal computer you purchased is of poor quality with blurred images. Its
warranty period is not yet over. You want it to be replaced with another one Prepare an e-mail in this regard.
7) You are residing at Mahaveer Nagar, S. V. Road, Kandivali (West), Mumbai. The condition of S.V. Road is
extremely bad resulting in increasing road mishaps and inconvenience to people. Draft an email to the
Editor of a newspaper drawing attention of the authorities to take prompt action.
Attachment : Actual photographs of S.V.Road with Potholes on the road.
8) Draft an e-mail to the Sub-Engineer of the Maharashtra State Electricity Board regarding the problem of
irregular electric supply (load shading) in your area. You can request him / her to look into the matter as the
examination (summer season) is going on.
9) Prepare an e-mail to be sent to the District Health Officer of your town regarding improper drainage system
of your area. People are facing hygenic problems due to this. Make a request to him / her to take
necessary steps to overcome the problems.
10) Imagine that your college is situated few kilometres away from the town without sufficient facilities to
enable students to attend college. Write an e-mail to the Manager of Bus depot of your town / village for immediate action.
Saturday, April 24, 2021
Prepositions
PREPOSITIONS
1) Preposition of place (position)
in, on, between among, within, inside, below,infront of etc.
1) The one sitting in the tree.
2) My mother is in the kitchen.
3) People jammed into 15.5 sq.km.
4) The bird is sitting arrogantly on a perch highin pine tree.
5) Settle on a roof top.
6) They had been many months at sea.
7) Students made a glass case for its display atschool.
8) Each year a small group arrive at st vincent place.
9) In a two hectare park.
10) Birds had not seen in the district.
11) He is in Mumbai right now.
12) People met in the park.
2) Preposition of time (Point of time)
in, on, at, for, within, about, almost, nearly, before, after since etc.
1) Then at 12 o’clock carter’s phone rang.
2) He came after a business trip in October 1975.
3) Programmes promised a flyover by sam at3.00 pm.
4) Each year a small group arrive at 6 am.
5) In Oct. 1976 sum was invloved in a minor scandal.
6) He went down to the park at six that morning.
3) Preposition of Time Duration
across, into, towards, from, to, away, from, at, beyond etc.
1) In less than four years.
2) We have had it there for four days.
3) From the day of the bird’s arrival.
4) Once he disappeared for four days.
5) Less than three weeks before the anniversary of his arrival.
6) Two years after setting in south Melbourne.
4) Preposition of Direction
1) Children rushed to St. Vincent.
2) The gardener pointed out of the window atSt. Vincent Place.
3) Families started coming from all over Melbourne.
4) He would fly through the trees.
5) He carried it high in the air.
6) He went down to the park.
7) He station received 600 phone calls fromaround the country.
Preposition Poem
The Summer Inside the school house Towards the window, she stares. After the bell rings Among her schoolmates she runs, Through the hallways, Past the Classrooms. Outside the warm fresh air, Behind her are long days of fun. Without a thing to worry about Under the warm she lies. Near her a butterfly flies, Across the sky a rainbow spreads. With her friends she goes to the beach. About the waves she dreams, Beyond the praises she runs. Inside the house she never steps On the hills of grass she rolls Into another lazy day she goes Since summer came around. |
Prepositions and their use
Preposition | How it is used | Example |
Showing Time | exact time | at 5 pm |
At | meal time | at lunch |
parts of the day | at lunch | |
age | at dawn atage 20 | |
By | a limit in time | by sundown |
in the sense of at the latest | by the due date | |
In | season months years | in the summer |
durations | in December | |
after a certain period of time | in 1992 in the same year in an hour | |
On | days of the week | on Monday |
parts of the day where the day is | on Friday night | |
names and dates | on December 15th | |
Ago | a certain time in the past | 5 years ago |
After | a point in time that follows another | after the games; |
point in time | after the accident. | |
Before | a point in time that precedes another | before leaving; |
point in time | before breakfast; before2004 | |
During | Something that happened / will happen | during the night; |
in a specific period of time | during war duringholidays | |
For | Over a certain period in the past | for 12 years, for ten days |
Past | telling the time | ten past eight (8:10) |
Since | from a certain period of time | Since 1990; |
(point of time) | Since independence | |
throughout | Something that happened / will happen | throughout the year; |
continuously in a specific period of time | throughout the ordeal | |
To | telling time from an earlier time to a | ten to five |
later time | 1 PM to 3 PM |
Preposition | How it is used | Example |
up (to) | from an earlier point to a later point | up (to) now |
Showing place | an object’s method position or position | at the airport; |
At | after it has moved | at the ceremony |
meeting place or location point of | at home; | |
direction a target | at the desk turning at the intersection throwing the snowball aim at the target | |
By | close to alongside of | by the school bythe window |
In | in an enclosed space | in the garage, in an envelope |
in a geographic location | in Europe; in Texas | |
in a print medium | in a book; in a magazine | |
On | for a certain side | on the left |
for river / lake | London lies on the Thames | |
for a floor in a house | on the floor | |
for television, radio | on the air, on TV | |
About | around or outside of at but not | about city |
exactly on | about five feet tall | |
related to | about my father’s business | |
Above | Suspended higher than something else | above the door |
superior to | above me in rank | |
After | in pursuit | chasing after the robbers |
a point further from an earlier poin | the corner after the big house | |
Against | learning on | against the door |
opposite to or facing | against the wall | |
Along | tracing the length of, without emphasis | along the hallway; |
in the ends | along the road | |
Among | in the company of (three or more) | among frieds |
in a crowd | among the masses | |
the end of a long list | among other thigns |
Preposition | How it is used | Example | ||
Around | Location of something | drive around the block | ||
explaining a period of time | around 4 o’clock | |||
Before | in the front in terms of spac | e | before the emperor; beforeGod | |
Behind | on the back side of a point i | n space | behind the car; behindher smile | |
Below | something lower than or un | derneath | below the stairs; | |
something else | below expectations | |||
From | in the sense of where from | a flower from the garden | ||
Into | enter a room / building | go into the kitchen / house | ||
Onto | movement to the top of so | mething | jump onto the table | |
Over | covered by something else | “more than” | put a jacket over your shirtover 16 years of age | |
“getting to the other side’ | walk over the bridge | |||
overcoming an obstacle | climb over the wall | |||
Through | something with limits on to and the sides | p, bottom | drive through the tunnel | |
Towards | movement in the direction | of something | go 5 steps towards the | |
(but not directly to it) | house | |||
Other Importa | nt Prepositions | |||
About | For topic, meaning what ab | out | we were talking about you | |
At | For age | she learned computer at 65 | ||
Beside | By the side of | beside temple, besideschool | ||
Besides | In addition to | besides his business | ||
till | up to a certain point in time (in colloquial English) | waited for her till 10 o’clock | ||
Until | up to a certain point in time | until the end; | ||
how long something is goin | g to last | until sunrise | ||
By | Who made it | a book by Charles Dickens | ||
rise or fall of something | prices have risen by 10 percent | |||
travelling (other than walki horse riding) | ng or | by car, by bus | ||
Preposition | How it is used | Example | ||
From | who gave it | a present from uncle | ||
to experience pain / a disease | suffering from fever | |||
In | entering a car / taxi | get in the car | ||
Of | Who / what did it belong to | a page of the book | ||
What does it show | the picture of a place. | |||
Off | Leaving a public transport vehicle | get off the train | ||
On | Walking or riding on horseback | on foot, on horseback | ||
Out of | leaving a car / taxi | get out of the taxi | ||
On | for a certain side for | on the left | ||
ariver / lake | London lies on the Themes | |||
for a floor in a house | on the floor | |||
to | In preference | I prefer coffee to tea. | ||
Listening | Listening to music. | |||
SENTENCES APPEARED IN THE BOARD EXAMINATION :-
1. Most children remain .......... school .......... the ages of six and sixteen. (Feb. 2008) (Rewrite using the appropriate prepositions)
2. He sailed across the sea and landed on the shore. (Oct. 2008)
(Point out what the underlined prepositionssuggest - time / place / movement)
3. We completed the work .......... thirty minutes and then left .......... the station. (Feb. 2009) (Use suitable prepositions)
4. The main drawback ...... the area is its distance ..... the railway station. (Oct.2009) (Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions)
5. We have a break ......... tea. We start again ........... 3.30 p.m. (Feb. 2010) (Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions)
6. The boy was looking ......... the hoarding which was just ........... his school building.
(Insert suitable prepositions) (Feb. 2011 A, B)
7. Every man is conditioned ...... the age ......... which he lives.
(Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.) (Oct. 2011)
8. A massive non-co-operation movement was ............ full swing all .......... the country. (Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions)
9. He wanted to look ............ the beautiful girl ............ the platform.
(Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions) (Feb. 2013)
10. I was ............ my regular walk through the forest ............ 9 a.m.
(Fill in the blanks with proper ‘prepositions’) (Feb. 2014)
11. The lady took the girls ............ a hall where they met a few more girls who were waiting ............
her instructions.
(Fill in the blanks with proper ‘prepositions’) (Oct. 2014)
12. The police ............ Monday arrested five men ............ cheating city businessman.
(Fill in the blanks with proper ‘prepositions’)
13. In a meeting, the physical teacher decided to spend two hours ............ the playground ............
warm-up.
(Fill in the blanks with proper ‘prepositions’) (Oct. 2015)
14. One of the things that distinguishes man ............ other animals is the power ............ speech.
(Rewrite the sentence using the appropriate ‘prepositions’) | (Feb. 2016) | |
15. | Meet me ............ 10:30 a.m. ............ Monday. | |
(Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘prepositions’) | (Oct. 2016) | |
16. | They stood ............ silence as a mark ............ honour to her. | |
(Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘prepositions’) | (Feb. 2017) | |
17. | I cut the apple ............ a knife and gave it ............ my sister. | |
(Fill in the blanks with proper ‘prepositions’) | (July 2017) | |
18. | She was able to talk ............ the group ............ her experience. | |
(Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘prepositions’) | (Feb. 2018) |
19. In fact every experience ............ an international character gives us on opportunity ............
develop.
(Fill in the blanks with appropriate ‘prepositions’) | (July 2018) | |
20. | I spent my holiday ............. some friends ............... a wooden house.(Fill in the blanks with appropriate ‘prepositions’) | (Feb. 2019) |
21. | He dived ................. the river and swam ................ an hour. | (July 2019) |
(Rewrite the sentence using appropriate‘prepositions’)
22. Nashik city recorded 52.7 mm rain ...... the four hours ....... 3.30 p.m. and 7.30 p.m. on Friday.
(Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘prepositions’)(Feb. 2020) SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE :-
1. My mother is .......... the kitchen.
2. I am always .......... home .......... sunday morning.
3. It appears, I have not been to the theatre .......... ages.
4. He was in the hospital .......... January .......... March.
5. Can you distinguish .......... these two words ?
6. We have been living .......... Mumbai .......... 1996.
7. He sat .......... the chair to write a letter.
8. I am tired .......... walking, I need some rest.
9. I put my books .......... the table.
10. He swam .......... the river.
11. He is .......... a cheerful mood.
12. The examination will be held .......... 11:00.am. .......... 2:00 pm.
13. He was the Chief Minister .......... the state .......... 1999 to 2002.
14. I want to be active .......... the last breath .......... my life.
15. The school is far .......... the house and it is difficult .......... this little child to go there daily
..........foot.
USE OF PREPOSITIONS :-
b) It came on the seventh day.
c) For his motivational talks across the world.
Do you know what the underlined prepositions indicate in these sentences ?
Yes, you notice that ‘in’, ‘on’ and ‘across’ indicateplace, time and direction respectively.
Q. Now improve the following sentences inserting in, on, at, across, to, into, wherever necessary.
1. The film finishes at 10 o’clock the evening.
2. She usually visits me Saturday afternoon.
3. I usually go bed midnight Sunday.
4. She met me the Prize Distribution Ceremony a hotel.
5. They sailed the sea and took rest the seashore.
6. Indians celebrate Republic Day the 26th January.
7. Ambulances rushed the injured the hospital.
Activity :- Make sentences of your own using the following propositions.
in, into, inside | to, towards, down |
on, onto, above | below, under, beneath |
over, beside, besides | underneath, between |
for, from, since | among, amongst |
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