Virtual message.

 Most often the input for a message comes in the form of a telephonic conversation between two people. The virtual conversation conveyed in the conversation is to be converted into a message for a third person. Whereas, sometimes, standard instructions contain the necessary information for the message. Such messages are written on small pieces of papers called memo-slips. Basically such messages contain the following:

  Format : 

• Date 

• Time 

• Name of a person to whom the message is directed 

• Body of the message 

• Name of the writer / sender 

  Points to remember : While writing the body of the message, the following points have to be kept in mind. 

• Only the most important details should be written. 

• No new information should be added. 

• Grammatically correct sentences should be used. 

• Indirect or reported speech should be used. 

• The message should be written in simple language and without any abbreviations. 

• Check your message before you submit and send it. 

• Be friendly and polite. 

• Avoid pun/ambiguity/witticism, in short words that would create confusion or a chaotic situation.

  Example:

You receive a telephone call from your mother’s office when she is not at home. You have the following conversation with the speaker. But you have to go for your tuition class. So you leave a message for your mother. Write the message within 50 words using the information given below. Do not add any new information.

Ambuj : Hello! 

Mr Rastogi : Hello! May I speak to Ms Dixit, please? I am Naresh Rastogi from the office. 

Ambuj : Mom’s not at home right now. 

Mr Rastogi : In that case can you give her a message? It is urgent. Please tell her that the meeting fixed for tomorrow has been rescheduled. Ask her to check her mail as soon as possible for the details. Please don’t forget to inform her. 

Ambuj : Don’t worry. I will tell her as soon as she returns. 14 Feb 3:30 pm

 

  Message

Mom , Mr Rastogi from the office called up to say that the meeting fixed for tomorrow has been rescheduled. He wants you to check your mail as soon as possible for the details. He said it was urgent.  Ambuj

  BRAINSTORMING

(A1) (i) In pairs, enact the given conversation between Rakesh and Mrs Sarkar.

Rakesh : Hello, may I speak to Dr Sarkar? 

Mrs Sarkar : He has gone to the hospital to attend the OPD. May I know who is speaking? 

Rakesh : Yes. I am Rakesh Sood. My wife has been having a severe headache since yesterday. Since this morning she has also developed a high temperature. I would be very grateful if the doctor could come over to our place to examine her. 

Mrs Sarkar : Of course. Please let me note down your address. 

Rakesh : It is B-49, New Colony. 

Mrs Sarkar : I will give him your message as soon as he returns. 

Rakesh : Thank you. 

  Mrs Sarkar had to leave for the school where she teaches. So she wrote a message for her husband. Draft the message in not more than 50 words. 

23 Nov 2020 , 8:05 A.M. Dear Hubby,  Mr. Rakesh Sood called up to say his wife has a severe headache and high fever the previous day. He requested you to visit his place to examine his wife. He would be grateful  if you do so. He lives at B-49, New Colony. Leaving this message since I have to go to school to teach.  Mrs. Sarkar

(ii) Using information from the dialogue given below, write the message which Amrita left for her brother, Sourajit. (Do not leave out any vital information or add any new information). 

Shekhar : Is this 28473892? 

Amrita : Yes. May I know who is speaking?

Shekhar : I am Shekhar. I want to speak to Sourajit. I am his friend from IHM, Goa. 

Amrita : I am his sister. Sourajit is not at home at the moment. Can you ring up a little later? 

Shekhar : I shall be a little busy. Actually, I have got a placement at the Hotel Mumbai, and will have to join with immediate effect. So right now I am trying to get all the formalities completed. This is the news that I wanted to give Sourajit. Will you do that for me? Also tell him that I will let him know my new cell phone number as soon as I get one. 

Amrita : I’ll do that. Bye and all the best. 

  Amrita had to leave for office. So she wrote a note for Sourajit. Draft her message in not more than 50 words. 

 

23 Nov 2020 , 8:05 A.M.                                                                                                                                                         Sourajit,  Mr. Shekhar , your friend from IHM Goa called up when you were not home. He called up to give news about his placement at Hotel Mumbai. He stated that he would be busy in completing formalities of joining. He would let you know his new cell phone number very soon.  Amrita.

(iii) You are Priyanka, a personal assistant to Ms Sen. She was away attending a meeting when Mr Garg rang up. You spoke to him and jotted down his message in your note- pad. Draft the message for Ms Sen using the information in your notes given below.

Mr Garg - rang up - 5pm - has received the CDs and the posters - coming tomorrow - to thank Ms Sen and to personally hand over the cheque. 

 (iv) Read the following conversation between Aashna and Mr Singh. 

Aashna : Hello, may I speak to Ranajit, please? 

Mr Singh : Ranajit is getting ready for school. May I know who is speaking? 

Aashna : My name is Aashna. I am Ranajit’s classmate. 

Mr Singh : Hello, Aashna. I am Ranajit’s father. Is there any message? 

Aashna : Yes. Please ask him to bring his biology notebook to school today. I was absent from school due to illness. I would like to see the notes which our biology teacher gave to the class during my absence. 

Mr Singh : I will definitely do that. 

  Since Mr Singh had to go for his morning walk he left a message for Ranajit. Draft that message in 50 words. 

 (v) Rajat comes home from school and finds the door locked. Since he has a duplicate key he enters and finds a note from his mother kept on the table. In it she explains that she had to rush to the hospital with Mrs Manohar, their neighbour, who had met with an accident. She has also written that he should have the rice and curry kept on the dining table for lunch. He could heat the food in the microwave oven if he wanted to, but he should be very careful while handling the switch. Draft the message which Rajat’s mother left for him.

(vi) Using the information given below, write a message which Manu left for his sister, Renu. (Do not add any new information. The message should not exceed 50 words). 

Ruhaan rang up-book-reading session-‘Children Ask Kalam’-Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam-ompilation of letters received by him from children and his answers- Oxford Book Store-8 pm, this evening,-pick you up-6:30 pm-attend reading session together. 

 (vii) Given below is a template for a message. Imagine you are working as a receptionist in a company and you are supposed to maintain the call record. Complete the details given in the template for a particular message.

Call For : From : Company : Date Time Phone ( ) Message : Action (Circle One) Taken By Phoned Returned Your Call Back Will Call Again Call

Interview Guidelines with examples

 *Framing Interview Questions*

*Guidelines for framing interview questions:-*

1) Use simple and acceptable language while framing interview questions.

2) Some questions should be assisted with statements to make it more convincing.

3) The questions must be based on the given points or hints.

4) It should have a short intro and sum up.

5) It should contain introductory question, content questions, probing questions and closing question.

6) The initial few questions should be about past events and in past tense. (2 to 3). 

The middle questions should be about present events so they must be in present tense (3-4). 

The ending questions should be about future plans actions or message for audience/people/generation.

7) The sequence of the questions should be chronological with the life events and proper tenses.

8) Questions should be relevant to the topic.

9) Grammar structure must be given priority.

10) Number of questions should be 8 to 10 only.

Examples:-

Q. Imagine that you are going to interview a Sarpanch of a village, who has been selected for ‘Adarsh Gaon Award’. Frame a set of 8 to10 questions to interview him/her.                                                                                      

An Audience/Talk with Sarpanch

Namaste Pushpa Tai!  Welcome and hearty congratulations on being selected for ‘Adarsh Gaon Award’.

1) How do you feel on being selected for this award?

2) Did you ever dream of getting this award?

3) Please, share with us something about your planning and efforts to achieve this award.

4) What challenges did you come across at the initial stage?

5) How about getting the support of your villagers in implementing various schemes and   projects?

6) We have heard that you all had taken collective efforts without government funding, why is it so?

7) As a leader, which initiatives and drives do you think were responsible for cultivating good habits among the villagers?

8) Whom do you consider as a main catalyst for the change?

9) Achieving the award was an happy moment but how are you going to keep up the expectations  henceforth?

10) What is your future aspiration? 

11.Can you give few suggestions for the betterment of other villages ?    

 I am sure that your village and you are really deserved this award.

           Thank You.

All the best for your future endeavours.                     

Q. Imagine that you are college representative of your college. You have to take an interview of Health Minister / Spokesperson of State Government. Frame questions to take the interview.

Good morning sir, I welcome you, thank you so much for sharing your precious time for the interview. I want to ask you some questions regarding the problem the world is facing due to covid19, lockdown.

1) What special arrangements are being made to tackle this problem?

2) How are the people responding to the situations?

3) What difficulties is the administration facing to handle the situation

4) Do you think that we will be able to overcome the situation, if so how?

5) What arrangements have been made to support the poor and the downtrodden in our state/country?

6) What special medical facilities are arranged to curb down the virus?

7) Are you thinking to extend the lock down for some more days as the situation in some states and parts of our country is not yet under control?

8) What message do you want to give the citizens of our country /state in this situation?

Thank you so much Sir once again for sparing your precious time.

*Interview of Chief minister*

Welcome sir to this session.

1) How can we remove fear of the people regarding the present situation?                               

2) Is the Government's attempts worth to overcome the situation?  

3) Is there enough care taken to supply basic commodities to the common people?                  

4) What other caution do people need to take care apart from the one listed?

5) What steps are taken up by the government to ensure the safety of the public?                                    

6) How would be the loss of education compensated in coming days?

7) Are you thinking to extend the lock down period? 

8) Will the lock down be completely relaxed or will it be in a phased manner?

Thank you sir for giving your valuable time and consideration.

*Interview of Health Minister*

Good morning,sir.

Let me take this opportunity to thank you for sparing your precious time amidst this period of crisis.

1) Can you briefly explain what this novel Corona Virus is all about?

2) Why is it spreading so quickly?

3) What are the common symptoms of covid?

4) How will social distancing help to overcome this pandemic?

5) How would a complete lockdown be the only solution to overcome this epidemic?

6) What is your plan B if we get out of stock of medicine, food grains and other essential commodities?

7) What possible arrangements have been made for the underprivileged class during the complete lock down period?

8) What preventive measures would be taken in this period of crisis?

9) What's your advice to the nation?

Thanks for sharing your views and giving valuable official instructions through this interview. We will accept your advice and assure to join your hands.

*Interview Questions for Dietitian*

Good morning Sir / Madam. Welcome to our studio. You are one of the renowned dietitians of our city. I want to know various valuable things from you. Recently you got the ‘Dhanwantari award’ from medical council of Maharashtra. Hearty congratulations to you.

1) How do you feel after getting success in your career?

2) How did you come into this field?

3) Does the changing life style have an affect on the diet?

4) How do you handle a difficult patient with a serious health condition?

5) What was your most rewarding  experience in this field?

6) Have you ever given lectures about nutrition?

7) Today people are aiming for a perfect figure, what's your say on it?

8) Do you think that proper nutritious diet and regular exercise are essential for good health?

9) What is the role of diet in our life?

10) What message would you like to give in general regarding health? 

Thanks for giving your valuable time for us. Your interview is really informative. All doubts are cleared now. Thanks once again.

*Interview questions for a Doctor*

Good morning sir, happy to see you. 

1) Why did you choose  medical field as your career?

2) Can you describe your journey in this field?

3) What difficulties did you face to become a doctor?

4) Why did you choose to be a surgeon?

5) What are your hobbies and interests?

6) What are the social responsibilities of a doctor?

7) What is your philosophy of life?

8) Have you  gone through any challenging medical case in your career?

9) What steps will you take to prevent medical malpractice?

10) Any message from you for the budding doctors?

Thanks for giving the valuable interview. Your interview will be published in our college magazine. It will be a reliable source of information for all. Thanks again.

*Common interview questions for any well known person*

1) How do you feel after achieving success in your field?

2) What inspired you to choose this field?

3) What is your mantra of success?

4) Who is your role model/idol/ideal person?

5) How did you overcome your hardships?

6) What support did your family give  you?

7) Who inspired you?/Who is your motivator?/Who motivated you? 

8) What would be your message to the youth?

Thank you for such a wonderful interview.

Interview.

 1.6 Into the Wild.

A5)Your college has decided to celebrate the World Environment Day .Mr Kiran Purandare has been invited as the *Chief Guest* for the event.Imagine  you are the Secretary of the  ' *Nature club*'of your college and you have to conduct an interview of Mr Kiran Purandare. Frame 8/10 questions for the same.

Ans: 

*An audience with Mr Kiran Purandare.*👇

  Good morning Sir.Welcome to our college.Its our privilege to have an audience with you.

May I start?

1)How did you start your journey as an environmentalist?

2)Where did you take your environmental education?

3)Which awards have you received up to now?

4)How did you feel when you were awarded the *Sahitya Puraskar*?

5)You are a writer also.

Which is your award winning book?

6)Who inspired you for this work?

Or

Who is your motivational Guru for this work?

Or

Who motivated you for this work?

7)Who is your idol/role model/ideal person?

8)How many days did you spend in Nagzira and nearby forest area?

9) Can you share your experience with us during 400 days?

10) Didn't you afraid of wild animals during those days?

11)Which hardships /difficulties /  challenges did you face in your life?

12) Don't you find it difficult to play multi roles such as *wild life expert,a bird watcher,a writer and an honorary wild life warden*?

13)How did an idea of the foundation of *Nisarg Wedh Organization* come into your mind?

14)Who helped you in it?

15)Does your family support you?

16)Who gave you an idea of the foundation of *Kika's Bird Club*?

17)How did the concept of *bird farming* come into your mind?

18)How did you feel when you had lost completely in the jungle of Umarzara?

19)Who helped you to find out the way towards Pitezari?

20)How did you start to educate the local rural folks for the conservation of forest?

21)Do you think that such education is needed today?

22)How can one become *eco friend*?

23) What message would you give for the protection of  wild life and also the whole environment?

       Thank you very much Sir for spending your precious time with us and sharing your experiences with us. It was wonderful interacting with you.

 

Letter Format.

 

Reported Speech. (Direct-Indirect)

Read the following sentences.

1) The stranger said," I have some questions to  ask."(Assertive(Affirmative))

2)"I will not wait for you, today." Ram said to Shyam.(Assertive ( Negative))

3) The astrologer said," Will you give me five rupees ?" (Interrogative (Verbal question))

4) Soapy said," Why don't you call a policeman?"(Interrogative ('Wh' type))

5)"Get busy and call a cop", said Soapy.(Imperative)

6)"Don't keep a gentleman waiting", said Soapy.(Negative Imperative)

7)"What an attractive picture it is!", she exclaimed.(Exclamatory)



Read the following indirect speech sentences-

1)The stranger told that he had some questions to ask.

2)Ram told Shyam that he would not wait for him that day.

3)The astrologer asked whether he would give him five rupees.

4)Soapy asked why they did not call a policeman.

5)Soapy suggested to get busy and call a cop.

6)Soapy pleaded not to keep a gentleman waiting.

7)She exclaimed that it was a very attractive picture.

The above examples are of four types of sentences:

1) The Assertive sentence

2) The Interrogative sentence

3) The Imperative sentence

4) The Exclamatory sentence

1)THE ASSERTIVE SENTENCE :

Rules :

1) Use Reporting Verb 'said ' or 'told'.

('told' should be accompanied by an object.)

2)Use Conjunction 'that'.

3) Change of pronouns.

4) Change of tenses --If the reporting verb is in PAST TENSE ,all the tenses in the reported speech will be changed .

  The Simple Present--> The Simple Past

  The Present Continuous -->The Past Continuous

  The Present Perfect --> The Past Perfect

  The Simple Past --> The Past Perfect

  Shall --> should

  Will --> would

  Can -->could

  May --> might

5) Words expressing 'nearness' will be changed into words expressing 'distance'.

  This --> that

  These -->those

  Here  -->there

  Now -->then

  Ago  -->before

  Come --> go

  Today --> that day

  Tonight -->  that night

  Tomorrow --> the next day or the day after.

   Yesterday -->  the previous day or the  day before.

  Last night --> the night before or the previous night.

Ex.

1)"I know these are heavy boots," the conductor said.

2)"I picked it up this morning in a restaurant,"said the umbrella man.

3) "I wouldn't give up my four thousand of the bet," said Andrew Stuart.

4)"Your statement is most interesting,"said Sherlock Holmes.

5) "I have them here," she answered.

Ans:

1) The conductor told that he knew those were heavy boots.

2)The umbrella man told / informed that he had picked it up that morning in a restaurant.

3)Andrew Stuart declared that he would  not give up his four thousand of the bet.

4)Sherlock  Holmes told that his statement was most interesting.

5)She answered that she  had them there.

2) THE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

Rules:

1) Use Reporting verb 'asked','questioned','enquired'.

2) Use conjunction-- if 'wh' question -- use 'wh' word.

                    If 'verbal' question -- use'if 'or 'whether'.

*(The interrogative sentence will become the assertive sentence.)

3) Rule 3, 4 and 5 will remain the same as given in the Assertive sentence.

Ex.

1) " Where do you want to go?"asked the conductor.

2)"Where's the man that done that ?" inquired the officer.

3) "What are you doing here?" asked the officer.

4)Mr. Fogg  said to Aouda,"Is our marriage still agreeable to you?"

5)"Had he any friends in town?"asked Holmes.

Ans:

1) The conductor inquired where he wanted to go .

2) The officer inquired where the man was that  had done that .

3)The officer asked what he was doing there.

4)Mr. Fogg asked Aouda if their marriage was still agreeable to her.

5) Holmes asked whether he had had any friends in town.

3) THE IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

Rules:

1)Use Reporting Verb 'ordered','requested','commanded','shouted','pleaded'etc.

2) No conjunction (Use infinitive form of the verb)

3)Rule 3, 4 and 5 will remain the same as given in the Assertive sentence.

Ex.

1) "Do not bring police."said he.

2)"State your case," said Holmes.

3) "Finish this activity in time ," said he.

4) "Tell me more." said the stranger.

5)"Tell me something worthwhile," said the stranger.

Ans :

1) He requested not to bring police.

2) Holmes suggested to state her case.

3) He ordered to finish that activity in time.

4)The stranger pleaded to tell him more.

5)The stranger requested to tell him something worthwhile.

4)THE EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE

Rules:

1) Use Reporting Verb 'exclaimed','applauded','uttered in sorrow or wonder ','cried in joy' etc.

2) Use conjunction 'that'.

*( The exclamatory statement becomes assertive statement, the sign of exclamation is removed.)

3)Rule 3, 4 and 5 will remain the same as given in the Assertive sentence.

Ex.

1)What a strange compensation!"exclaimed he.

2)"How interesting it is to be a blogger!" said she.

3)The teacher said,"How nicely you have done your work!"

4)"What a stupid fellow you are!", she remarked.

5) Ram said Shyam,"How clever you are!"

Ans :

1) He exclaimed in surprise that it was a very strange compensation.

2) She exclaimed that it was really very interesting to be a blogger.

3) The teacher cheerfully exclaimed that they had done their work very nicely.

4) She exclaimed in disgust that he was truly a stupid fellow.

5)Ram merrily told Shyam that he was very clever.

Speech on Teachers Day.

*Speech on Teachers' Day ,5th September.*

  Good morning to one and all and my greetings to all my respected teachers. Honourable chairperson,the Principal of our college,Mr./Mrs ..........., respected teachers and my dear friends.Today is an auspicious occasion to honour and acknowledge the contributions and hard work of teachers who mould the students into the future citizens.Guru Pournima is also celebrated to express our gratitude towards our Gurus.
     5th September is celebrated as Teachers' Day throughout the country since  the year 1962 on the birth anniversary of Dr.Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan,the second President of free India.He was born on 5th September 1888 at Tiruttani,in Tamil Nadu State.He was a great philosopher, educationist and a teacher by profession.When he became the President of India,few of his students requested him to let them celebrate his birthday on 5th September.On this request,he asked them to celebrate his birthday as Teachers' Day and not just as birthday.Ever since this day is celebrated as Teachers' Day every year.
      Our education begins at home. Mother is our prime teacher.As we grow and meet different people,we learn many things from them.Everyone around us teaches us something.Experiences and mistakes are our great teachers.
     In olden times,there was *Gurukul System* of teaching where the students left their homes to stay with the sages in the forest for years.It was called *Bramhacharyashram*(one of the four ashrams ) After completing the training,the students returned homes.Those  sages were worshipped and honoured by the students and their parents like God.Since then a teacher is placed next to God.That's why it is said,
*Gurur Brahma,Gurur Vishnu,
Gurur Dev,Maheshwara.
Gurur Sakshat ,Parbramha.
Tasmai Sri Guruve Namaha.*
      It means Guru is the creator(Brahma),Guru is the preserver/cherisher(Vishnu),Guru is the destroyer (Mahesh).Guru is the Lord himself.Gurus/ teachers are next to God.So,Gurus are worshipped on Guru Pournima.
    Teachers are our second parents because they take care of us as parents.They show us right path as the beacon light.They are always with us whenever we are in trouble whether it is academic or personal.They are the nation builders.They guide and shape the destiny of students.Teachers teach us to become better human beings.Sometimes , Teachers scold us but there is their love and affection towards us behind their scolding.They scold us for our betterment.Teacher is the profession that creates all the professions like doctor,engineer, advocate, Chartered accountant and so on.
     Teachers like Dr Radhakrishnan and Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam are some of the renowned names that have given meaning to the world of teachers.In mythology we find many examples of Gurus and deciples such as Dronacharya ank Eklavya, Sandipani and Shrikrishna etc. Eklavya is known as an ideal student.When Guru Dronacharya refused to teach archery to Eklavya because he was Shudra,(because Shudra was considered as the lowest category in the society at that time.) Eklavya built the mud idol /statue  of Dronacharya and practised archery before it and became the skilled archer equalled to Arjun.
On seeing the skill of Eklavya in archery,Guru Dronacharya  was astonished. He asked for Eklavya's right thumb as Guru Dakshina because he didn't want Eklavya to excel/exceed/surpass Arjun.And without thinking so much, Eklavya cut off his right thumb and put it at the feet of his Guru.It shows his reverence/honour/respect towards his Guru.Eklavya still continued  to practise archery with the forefingers and middle fingers and remains as an example of an ideal student till today.We should also keep Eklavya as a role model before us and gain the knowledge.We should concentrate on our target like Eklavya.
   Today,we are living in the age of science and technology.We learn many things through various apps.We get vast knowledge through internet but as per my opinion no one can replace the teachers because teachers not only give us knowledge but also shape our personality by teaching many moral lessons.Apart from academic,they stand by us at every step to guide ,motivate and inspire us to become good citizens.(Though we are learning  through online teaching today due to this pandemic crisis, we are not satisfied with this.- - only related to present situation)
   We are proud to say that we are being cultivated by the finest gardeners. We pray for their well beings and good health.I would like to express my gratitude towards my all  teachers for their selfless and dynamic support.We are always grateful to you.I conclude my speech by wishing you
 Happy Teachers' Day💐💐
Thank you.🙏🙏

Listening Skill

*Activity:*


Listen English to Speak English.
1. Listen carefully.
2. Think about the characters in the story.
3. Identify the characters.
4. Which character you like?Why?
5. Write a short summary in your words.
6. Explain the title of the story.

Oral Listening Skill

*Activity:*


Listen English to Speak English.
1. Listen carefully.
2. Think about the characters in the story.
3. Identify the characters.
4. Which character you like?Why?
5. Write a short summary in your words.
6. Explain the title of the story.

Degree of comparison.

*Fill in the blanks with an adjective of the appropriate degree.*


1. Alka is ……………………….. than her sister.

prettier
more pretty
more prettier

2. This is ………………………… than that.

more easy
more easier
easier

3. I work hard but he works even …………………….

hard
harder
more hard

4. Nisha was ……………………. than her parents.

generouser
more generous
most generous

5. It was getting ……………………..

darker
dark
darkest

6. It was the ………………………… day of his life.

happy
happier
happiest
most happy

7. Solomon was the ………………….. of all men.

wise
wiser
wisest
most wise

8. Shailesh is ………………………… than his brothers.

richer
more rich
most rich

9. Prakash is ……………………. than his friends.

smarter
more smart
more smarter

10. Trupti is ……………………. than her brother.

cleverer
more clever
most clever

11. His new home is ……………………….. than the previous one.

more spacious
most spacious
spaciouser

12. The task was ……………………….. than I thought.

hard
harder
more hard


*Answers*

1. Alka is prettier than her sister.

2. This is easier than that.

3. I work hard but he works even harder.

4. Nisha was more generous than her parents.

5. It was getting darker.

6. Solomon was the wisest of all men.

7. Shailesh is richer than his brothers.

8. It was the happiest day of his life.

9. Prakash is smarter than his friends.

10. Trupti is cleverer than her brother.

11. His new home is more spacious than the previous one.

12. The task was harder than I thought.

Phrases with their origin.

OLD WINE IN NEW BOTTLE — ENGLISH PHRASES WITH INTERESTING ORIGINS

1. Wolf in sheep’s clothing
[Meaning: A wicked person who poses as an innocent one.]

The idiom originates from the Holy Bible (Matthew 7:15) –  ‘Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.’

2. Bite the bullet
[Meaning: To do a difficult task, braving the pains.]

In the past, when anaesthesia was not common, doctors asked patients wounded in battle to bite on a bullet to cope with the pain of surgery.

3. Above board
[ Meaning: An action that is fair and legitimate.]

Placing hands under the ‘board’ or table is a cardsharp’s common trick. If a player keeps his hands visible above the board, he can be accepted as one who plays fair.

4. Armed to the teeth
[Meaning: Fully prepared for a confrontation.]

Medieval warriors were often so laden with weapons that sometimes they would have to carry one in their teeth.

5. Don’t throw the baby out with the bath water.
[Meaning: Inadvertently throwing away a valuable thing along with the unnecessary ones.]

In medieval Europe, not only did people bathe infrequently (often once a year), they also bathed in the same water without changing it! The adult males would take bath first, then the females, leaving the children and babies to go last. By the time the babies got in, the water was dark with filth. The poor mothers had to take extra care that their babies were not thrown out with the bathwater.

6. Give a cold shoulder
[Meaning: Make someone feel unwelcome.]

In old times, an unwelcome visitor would have been given the cheapest and most common type of food: cold shoulder of mutton.

7. Develop cold feet
[Meaning: To show reluctance.]

A soldier who had cold or frozen feet — a common affliction until the late 19th century — couldn’t rush into battle, and so proceeded painfully and slowly.

8. Caught red-handed
[Meaning: To be caught in the act of doing something wrong.]
This supposedly originates from an old English law that ordered any person to be punished for butchering an animal that wasn’t his own. The only way the person could be convicted is if he was caught with the animal’s blood still on his hands.
9. Turn a blind eye
[Meaning: To deliberately ignore situations, facts, or reality.]

The British Naval hero, Admiral Horatio Nelson, had one blind eye. Once when his over-defensive superiors signalled for him to desist from attacking the enemy fleet, he held up a telescope to his blind eye and said, “I do not see any signal.” He attacked following his own judgement and was victorious.

10. Bury the hatchet
[Meaning: To cease hostilities and make peace.]

This one is of American origin, dating back to early 17th century, when Puritan settlers in North America were in occasional conflict with the Native Americans. When negotiating peace, the Native Americans would bury all their hatchets, knives, clubs, and tomahawks as demonstration of peaceful intent.

Phrasal verbs.

Test on phrasal verbs

*Fill in the blanks with an appropriate phrasal verb.*


1. Before questioning the witness, the prosecutor looked …………….. the papers carefully.

a) about
b) over
c) up

2. If you don’t know the meaning of a word, you should look it …………… in a dictionary.

a) over
b) up
c) out

3. She made …………… a story to avoid punishment.

a) out
b) up
c) in

4. Can you speak a bit louder? I can’t make ………………. what you are saying.

a) up
b) over
c) out

5. She bent down to pick …………… the bag.

a) out
b) up
c) in

6. As we drove through the city, our guide pointed ……………… the major tourist attractions.

a) in
b) out
c) on

7. You should put …………….. some money for your retirement.

a) out
b) away
c) in

8. As it was very cold, I put …………. a jacket.

a) up
b) on
c) over


Answers

1. Before questioning the witness, the prosecutor looked over the papers carefully.

2. If you don’t know the meaning of a word, you should look it up in a dictionary.

3. She made up a story to avoid punishment.

4. Can you speak a bit louder? I can’t make out what you are saying.

5. She bent down to pick up the bag.

6. As we drove through the city, our guide pointed out the major tourist attractions.

7. You should put away some money for your retirement.

8. As it was very cold, I put on a jacket.

Interview

1.6 *Into the Wild*
Your college has decided to celebrate the World Environment Day Mr Kiran Purandare has been invited as the *Chief Guest* for the event.Imagine  you are the Secretary of the  ' *Nature club*'of your college and you have to conduct an interview of Mr Kiran Purandare. Frame 8/10 questions for the same.
Ans:
*An audience with Mr Kiran Purandare.*
  Good morning Sir.Welcome to our college.Its our privilege to have an audience with you.
May I start?
1)How did you start your journey as an environmentalist?
2)Where did you take your environmental education?
3)Which awards have you received up to now?
4)How did you feel when you were awarded the *Sahitya Puraskar*?
5)You are a writer also.
Which is your award winning book?
6)Who inspired you for this work?
Or
Who is your motivational Guru for this work?
Or
Who motivated you for this work?
7)Who is your idol/role model/ideal person?
8)How many days did you spend in Nagzira and nearby forest area?
9) Can you share your experience with us during 400 days?
10) Didn't you afraid of wild animals during those days?
11)Which hardships /difficulties /  challenges did you face in your life?
12) Don't you find it difficult to play multi roles such as *wild life expert,a bird watcher,a writer and an honorary wild life warden*?
13)How did an idea of the foundation of *Nisarg Wedh Organization* come into your mind?
14)Who helped you in it?
15)Does your family support you?
16)Who gave you an idea of the foundation of *Kika's Bird Club*?
17)How did the concept of *bird farming* come into your mind?
18)How did you feel when you had lost completely in the jungle of Umarzara?
19)Who helped you to find out the way towards Pitezari?
20)How did you start to educate the local rural folks for the conservation of forest?
21)Do you think that such education is needed today?
22)How can one become *eco friend*?
23) What message would give for the protection of    wild life and also the whole environment?
       Thank you very much Sir for spending your precious time with us and sharing your experiences with us.

English language usage

Degree test

https://testmoz.com/q/3289962

Figure of speech test

https://testmoz.com/q/2798479

This sample SOP is for applying to a master’s program in Music in London.

Statement of Purpose – Music

My life’s passion has been music ever since I was old enough to sing. As I have grown and matured, I have been on a constant quest to explore new musical vistas and hone my own technical and composition skills. Now, having earned a degree in music and acquired teaching experience, I desire to challenge myself further by pursuing additional studies overseas. The music education in my native country is somewhat limited and not nearly as open or developed as it is in London, which is why I am attracted to the enriching, inspiring environment of your master’s program. In addition, I look forward to experiencing a new culture and interacting with diverse groups of people, which will broaden both my personal and musical horizons considerably.

As a young child, I often played the piano and sang songs with my mother. After learning the basics of piano, I soon began playing pop music by ear, and I gradually began adding my own flair to these songs and exploring my creative side. I was fortunate to have a mother who supported my passion for music, and she got me a composition teacher, which led to me focusing on composition in junior and senior high school. During this period, I mainly played classical music, which gave me a good foundation for my university-level studies. The numerous undergraduate classes I took on harmony, theory, music analysis, counterpoint, and composition opened my eyes to the vast possibilities I could continue to explore in the musical world. I especially enjoyed the regular one-on-one classes in the university, in which I got advice from instructors while discussing pieces from contemporary composers.

Many of the most instructive experiences have come outside of the classroom. For instance, in high school I participated in the Music Club as the lead singer and arranger, and I joined the Musician’s Association in the university, holding instructional camps for elementary school students. Throughout these years, I also performed solos and orchestral pieces at music festivals and concerts, playing various instruments and gaining invaluable experience. Meanwhile, I have also regularly taught private students in everything from composition and theory to ear training and technical skills. Such experiences have taught me to devise different teaching methods as appropriate for students of varying levels. For instance, I may let the students listen to J.S. Bach’s Chorale or Stravinsky’s Soldier’s Tale, then give them a chance to practice conducting in small groups with classmates. This has shown me firsthand the value of teaching, which makes me yearn for more teaching experiences in my future career.

My musical experiences have molded me into a multi-talented musician with teaching talents and a keen understanding of my own strengths and interests. This is why I feel well prepared to enter your graduate program of music. If accepted, I will devote my efforts to enriching my knowledge of music and composition, and I hope to focus on the area of contemporary music. I understand that studying at the post graduate level overseas will present me with certain challenges, but based on my past accomplishments and struggles, I know that I have what it takes to overcome these and excel. After completing my studies, I plan to return to my country and seek a teaching position, with the goal of nurturing the next generation of musicians and inspiring others as my teachers inspired me.

Tree diagram

Different forms of Literature

Dialogue

*Activity for the group members*

👳‍♀️             👫                👲
Imagine that a person who has returned to his
native place after a long time is talking to his old friend about the changes that have taken place in the village. Write a dialogue between two friends who have become nostalgic about their old village.

Answer:
Ram( smiling): Hi Shyam, happy to meet you after a long time
Shyam( astonished): Wow! Ram, what a surprise, I still can't believe that I am talking to you.
Ram: When did you come from Mumbai?
Shyam: Yesterday morning. I thought of coming to your house today.
Ram: It's ages since you have come to village.
Shyam: Yes, nearly a decade, I was on a deputation to US recently returned to India.
Ram: People are attracted towards greener pastures. See our village, it's not the same as it used to be.
Shyam( shocked): Yes, saw the drastic changes while coming home. Modernization has crept here too. The original charm has disappeared.
Ram: Hm, the old days spent here was the best phase of our lives. Don't you think?
Shyam: Yes, I have no words to describe that. The small houses, the mud roads, the lush green fields, the huge banyan and peepal trees, the small temple by the stream. All of them disappeared.
Our village now looks like a small city.
Ram( sadly): We have paid a huge price but feelings are not important when we move towards development.
Shyam: Let's say our village too has got a makeover. Haha! that's what life is all about.
Ram: Yes, but my friend I'm happy that you have returned back to your roots
Shyam (smiling): Yes, coz I know I have a friend here who has been waiting for me. After all our bonds are cemented by Love.

Appeal on Corona.

Appeal/ Leaflet/Blog
Prepare an appeal in the form of a handout to create an awareness about coronavirus (covid19) with the help of the following points
(a) use an attractive logo/slogan
(b) Make a persuasive appeal
(c) Statistical data/number of affected/ Deaths
(d) precautionary measures
(e) Add your own points

Are u frightened of Corona?
Arise, Awake & Stay Safe.
Let's fight Carona by Social Distensing
The mighty virus is spreading its tentacles
The number of infected is rising quickly.
In Maharashtra the no of affected has reached 95
Three death reported so far.
Follow the precautionary measure:
1. Wash ur hands with soap
2. Avoid hand shakes.
3. If having fever, cold, sore throat consult your family physician immediately.
4. Maintain social distancing
5. Avoid going out. Stay at home.
  Life is precious.
  Follow the instructions and rules
Stay positive and this too shall pass.

Leaflet

Blood Donation
Little Star Social Welfare Club in association with MGM hospital has organised a blood donation camp at Savarkar Hall, near Big Bazar, Airoli.
                  Donate Blood
                             &
                   SAVE LIFE.
Every drop of your blood can give a new lease of life.
            All person 18 years and above with no sickness or medication can donate blood.
                  So why think?
          Come and be a part of this camp
     All donors will receive donar card and a certificate.
                               Tea & Biscuits will be served post donation.
                       Don't miss this golden opportunity.
           As one good turn deserves another.
The camp is open from 10.00am to 5.00 pm
                   Hope to see you.
For further enquiries please feel free to call
9876543210. Always at your service.

Leaflet

On Laughter Club

Speech

Organ Donation
Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends today I would like to speak on the importance of Organ Donation.
Have you ever thought how important your organs can be to others? If not start thinking because it's a gift of life which you give to others and this noble cause which requires only sheer dedication from your side. Today world over many people die because of organ failure. The life of such people can be saved by just pledging for donation. All you need to do is just fill a form with a witness signature or your near and dear ones can donate your organs after you cease to live. People should be made aware of the process so that they do not hesitate to pledge.
This would be a life long gift which you could give and by this donation you leave behind a part of yourself in this world. So , What do you think? If you agree don't waste your time pledge today as who knows what's in store for future.
                      Thank you.